It might be because I haven't studied the original material enough, but I don't recall anywhere where the question is answered. Cite your answer, if possible, I'd love to touch up.
Why can some people do alchemy and some not? I remember that at certain points it is implied that anyone could do it by studying and understanding the work of tectonic plates and understanding physics and chemistry to "nudge" already feasible reactions into being.
However, we also know what Ed did at the end of Brotherhood, which cost him permanent access to transmutation.
So, is it an inherited ability or not? Can anyone learn it or is it locked behind a wall of a certain predisposition? Is Ed specifically banned from commiting/initiating transmutations as a consequence of his choice? Or is his inherited ability taken away?
Also, an additional tidbit: if certain people understand the science but can't initiate transmutations, does drawing a correct and detailed matrix allow an alchemist to activate it without completely understanding what it does?