I need help with the passive participle.

[u/Significant-Item-964]

(Passive participle = neveikiamasis dalyvis)

Hello, as the title says, are there any "cheatcodes" or ways to memorize their structure?

[u/Meizas]

-mas: the thing being ______ed

-tas: the thing that was _____ed

-antis: the thing that is ______ing

-simas: the thing that will be ______ed/ing (as a non native speaker, I doubt you'll ever use this)

-ęs/-usi: the thing/person who has _____ed

Honestly, -tas is the most important at the stage you're at.

[u/gerry_r → u/Meizas]

Not all of those are passive participles.

[u/Meizas → u/gerry_r]

Oh, right lol we're talking about active.

-ęs/-usi is active, it's just past active

[u/yuuurgen]

There are 3 of them, which one are you referring to? And what cheatcodes do you mean, they are pretty simple in their structure (but not in usage)

[u/Grazhke → u/yuuurgen]

It was one of the most annoying and difficult shit for me to learn as a native speaker, along with comma placements

[u/PasDeTout]

I think it all depends on what way of learning works best. I find simple repetition both out-loud and physically with a pen and paper help me. I also find some things easier to learn in context ie as a phrase or short sentence.

It might be helpful to see them all grouped like this: www.old.lituanus.org/1987/87_1_04.htm

[u/Wonderful-Guest1075]

I just tried to look these up from a foreigner’s perspective and I completely understand why you’re having trouble with this

[u/geroiwithhorns]

It's basically adjectives made from verb, so it has all the perks of verb and adjective:

Adjective: you can incline it in singular, plural, gender ways as for example:

Adj. Prop.	Femine, singular, norm	Male, singular, norm	Femine, plural, norm	Male, plural, norm
Verb prop. (Present tense)	Walking girl	Walking boy	Walking girls	Walking boys
	Vaikštanti mergaitė	Vaikštantis berniukas	Vaikštančios mergaitės	Vaikštantys berniukai
	Fem, sing, dative	Male, singular, dative	Femine, plural, dative	Male, plural, dative
	for Walked girl	for Walked boy	for Walked girls	for Walked boys
(Past Tense)	Vaikščiojusiai mergaitei	Vaikščiojusiam berniukui	Vaikščiojusiom
mergaitėm	Vaikščiojusiams berniukams

Edit/extra:

Passive participles have three tenses:

• past, which is made of infinitive with ^t. For example: This book was written by me | Ši knyga yra parašyta manęs | pa-rašyti +t +a/as.

• present, which is made of 3rd person's present tense with ^m. For example: This book is being written by me | Ši knyga yra rašoma manęs | ji/jis rašo+m +a/as.

• future, which is made of 2nd person's future tense with ^m. For example: She is going to be my wife | Ji būsima mano žmona | tu būsi +m +a/as.

[u/gerry_r → u/geroiwithhorns]

Ahem, those are not passive participles.

[u/geroiwithhorns → u/gerry_r]

Oh, sorry.

Passive participles have three tenses:

• past, which is made of infinite with ^t. For example: This book was written by me | Ši knyga yra parašyta manęs | pa-rašyti +t +a/as.

• present, which is made of 3rd person's present tense with ^m. For example: This book is being written by me | Ši knyga yra rašoma manęs | ji/is rašo+m +a/as.

• future, which is made of 2nd person's future tense with ^m. For example: She is going to be my wife | Ji būsima mano žmona | tu būsi +m +a/as.

[u/gerry_r]

Not sure what "cheatcodes" you need.

Formation of passive participles is straightforward and AFAIK, universal (no exceptions).

FORMATION OF PASSIVE PARTICIPLES

Present Passive Participles are formed from the third-person present tense of verbs with the suffix -m-: esamas, esama; beriamas, beriama ; brėžiamas, brėžiama ; mylimas, mylima

Past Passive Participles are formed from the infinitive stem with the suffix -t-: būtas, būta ; eitas, eita ); matytas, matyta ; žiūrėtas, žiūrėta .

Future Passive Participles are formed from the second-person future tense of verbs with the suffix -m-: būsimas, būsima ).

Add an appropriate ending for case/number/gender (the same as for adjective)

[u/Motor-Bag1436]

well i'd focus on common patterns rather than memorizing every form separately, group em by gender and case makes lithunian principles much easier to remember