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u/No_March_5371 Aug 18 '24
All taxes and regulations impact behavior. This is well known and accepted. When taxing, the idea is to do so either by minimally distorting behavior, or by distorting behavior in a desirable fashion (tobacco taxes, for instance). Tariffs are highly distortionary taxes that substantially impact behavior, but the benefit is not positive. Making imports selectively more expensive leads to many fewer imports, which reduces overall welfare and diminishes comparative advantage gains from trade.
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u/Better_Meat9831 Aug 18 '24
Also: Terrifs just raise prices for everyday people. It will still be imported, but the consumer will pay that tax, not the producer.
10
u/UpbeatFix7299 Aug 18 '24 edited Aug 18 '24
This is the succinct answer. Say a country wants to protect its steel or aluminum industries by charging tariffs on imports. Its citizens will bear the cost in terms of higher prices for cars, canned food/drinks, and countless other products and everything else that now have to rely on these artificially expensive imports. But politicians can demagogue it and say "I'm just charging it to the foreigners so you don't have to pay." It's a scam by charlatans who don't understand, or choose not to understand, the benefits of international trade that has lifted billions of people out of poverty. My dad's 1982 TI computer that had a hard drive so small that all the programs were on cartridges cost almost $2k in today's money. Go back just 40 years and people spent a much higher % of their income on things like clothing and electronics goods.the reason infinitely better goods are so fucking cheap now has a lot to do with free trade and utilizing comparative advantages
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u/Prior_Author_818 Nov 23 '24
Why does the country that imposes the tariff have to pay it?? That doesn’t make sense. One would think the country sending their goods to us would pay the tariff just so they can get their product into the country and let the American conSumer make the decision as to which product they buy.
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u/As-R0me-Burns Nov 27 '24
Because the countries don’t just send their goods to us. A company here in the united states has to go a buy it from them.
When they buy the product or raw material from China for instance no matter how you look at it the consumer pays.
I do plastic pellets for the molding industry.
For example if I get a quote for a skid(2204#) of raw pellets delivered to the port of LA from Shanghai then the company I’m buying the material from will charge me a price per pound that includes already the cost of the material, shipping, and any and all customs/duties/tariffs.
So in this scenario they just passed on the cost to me which I then pass on to the consumer in the United States. The consumer can’t get the material for production domestically because any excess feedstock is sold to overseas companies and when companies go on Force Majuer (manufacturing shutdown) the material becomes scarce and thus must be imported at a higher cost.
If I were to buy the material from Shanghai and pick it up in Shanghai to bring to the port of LA then I am required to pay all shipping,customs,duties,tariffs etc
No matter how you look at it the consumer in the tariff imposing country is the loser.
The idea behind tariffs is that it’s going to drive companies to produce more domestic made goods. The issue with that is companies don’t care about consumers.
Companies will always just increase the cost of their goods to offset the increase that affects their profit margin. They know that some president will reduce them and the cycle continues.
Same concept with trickle down economics. It’s just jargon that sounds good to people who don’t understand how things truly work in the world.
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u/Zestyclose_Idea7701 Nov 29 '24
No offense, but you sound like you were less educated in your own neck of the woods in terms of basic economics. I learned this stuff in a home economics class in upstate NY when I was twelve years old.
If the process of exporting and importing is referred to as supply and demand, why would the company whose supply is in demand pay a fee for supplying it? And the sad part? Most of our country thinks like this because a lack of basic economic understanding, which I completely fault businessmen and politicians for ruining through lobbying.
Armed with this new knowledge, I hope you educate the other people in your family, because we all deserve better. Also, for what it’s worth, I sucked at written english when I first moved out because that was the pitfall of my own area’s education system. 2011, couldn’t write coherently. Now I can because I educated myself better than my school district. Never stop learning and you will, if nothing else, always grow wiser and more humble. 👍🤜🤛
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u/ILikeCutePuppies Aug 18 '24
It could also be produced more locally with a terrif. In fact, that is often the reason given for terrifs. However, new local production will be less efficient (at least in the short term) and use resources that likely would have been better used elsewhere, all without reducing price.
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u/Better_Meat9831 Aug 18 '24
If you want to boost local production, give local subsidies and increase wages. Imports will still happen, even if you charged an 800% tariff.
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Aug 18 '24
3
u/MachineTeaching Aug 18 '24
Not really, this is just politics. Same as Trump. The economic damage is second to pursuing political goals.
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Oct 02 '24
Certain people in favor of tariffs claim that keeping production domestic outweighs the negative effect of lost comparative advantage.
What is the right way to think about whether that is true or false?
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u/No_March_5371 Oct 02 '24
There are potentially reasons for this such as national security, but not for things like just prices. Trump's washing machine tariffs saved washing machine manufacturer jobs, but they increased the cost of washing machines so much that consumers had to pay over $800k more in costs for every job saved. That's a pretty lousy trade.
Most of the people in favor of tariffs are political cranks.
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Aug 18 '24
Tarrifs are bad because they cause a deadweight loss.
A deadweight loss is basically a net negative for society.
Why do tarriffs cause this?
Well because Tarrifs artificially increase the price of a good. This neccessarily reduces the consumer surplus. However a higher price means a higher producer surplus, and you now have the revenue fron the tarrif. So the question becomes, is the gain in government revenue and producer surplus outweighed by the loss in consumer surplus?
The answer is no. And this is easy to demonstrate graphically:
https://images.app.goo.gl/BUKuBkRN6TfzQfmj6
Consumer surplus is the area between demand and P_tarriff
Producer surplus is the area between supply and P_tarriff
The government Tax revenue is the area between the imported goods times the difference between world price and tarriff price.
Notice how this leaves two areas of deadweight loss, the area between the quantity supplied domestically at the world price and the quantity supplied at the tarriff price as well as the the quantity demanded at both prices
This deadweight loss benefits no one.
You would be right to point out that the world price hurts producers. But the obvious answer is to redistribute some of that consumer surplus to the producers to compensate them. A deadweight loss leaves you with less surplus to actually do this with, and so it is a net negative, even arguably to the producers.
Lmk if you have any more questions! Happy to help!
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u/iron_and_carbon Aug 18 '24
They are bad because https://www.reviewecon.com/trade-tariffs.
Them being worse than others is more an empirical question where because of how the economy works post Industrial Revolution trade creates a huge amount of the total value and its supply is highly elastic so the deadweight loss calculation from the above graph tends to be larger than the dead weight loss from other forms of tax to raise the same amount of revenue
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u/provocative_bear Aug 18 '24
Imposing tariffs pretty much always results in retaliatory tariffs, so they present a cost. Other posters have pointed out that free trade is the most efficient system economically.
That being said, there are geopolitical reasons to impose tariffs. It can protect crucial local industry, including that needed for national defense, and it can protect the institution of labor/environmental/human rights standards in a home country vs a foreign nation without such standards.
So, tariffs aren’t a good engine for direct economic prosperity, but they can serve other purposes.
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u/Adorable-Anxiety6912 Nov 22 '24
Let’s talk quilting fabric. Pre-Covid solid quality fabric was $5-6 a yard. After Covid it’s now $9-10 a yard. Tariffs may end quilting for me and my retirement plan. $14-18 a yard is not going to work. There’s talk now of quilters buying THE machine, needles, threads and fabric now… STOCK UP! Thankfully batting is made in the US and it only $300 for a roll that is 90” x 30 yards.
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u/RobThorpe Nov 22 '24
This type of stocking up is happening. Large firms are announcing plans to buy before tariffs raise prices to their shareholders. Yours is not an isolated anecdote.
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u/WhosJoe1289 Aug 18 '24
Tariffs are generally considered to be bad because they discourage trade without a worthwhile benefit. Trade is generally considered to be good because of something called comparative advantage. The TLDR of comparative advantage is that some countries, for whatever reason, are better at making a specific good than others.
This means that, with cooperation, a country could get the same good for cheaper by trading instead of trying to produce domestically. But if that same country starts placing tariffs, the trades become more expensive and less worthwhile; needlessly diminishing the benefit of trade. Sure, the government does collect some revenue from the tariff, but it could have raised that revenue using a less economically harmful type of tax instead.